The first study to look at the neural difference between
love and craving finds remarkable overlaps and distinct differences.
Researchers from across the world brought together the
results from 20 studies which measured neural activity for both love and craving.
Participants in the studies were often looking either at
pictures of their partners or at erotically stimulating images.
The results showed that some strikingly similar brain
networks were activated by love and craving.
One of the study’s authors, Professor Jim Pfaus, explained:
“No one has ever put these two together to see the patterns
of activation. We didn’t know what to expect — the two could have ended up
being completely separate. It turns out that love and desire activate specific
but related areas in the brain.”
The regions activated were those involved in emotion,
motivation and higher level thoughts.
This finding suggests that sexual desire is more than just a
basic emotion, but involves goal-directed motivation and the recruitment of
more advanced thoughts.
Love is built on top of these circuits, with one key area of
difference being in the striatum. This area of the brain is typically
associated with the balance between higher- and lower-level functions.
One part of the striatum is mostly concerned with things
that are inherently pleasurable, while another part is mostly concerned with
learning the connections between behaviour and rewards.
In other words: this is where you learn what feels good and
start to get the taste for it. The striatum, then, is where the love habit is
formed.
It’s a similar process as that involved in drug addiction.
Pfaus explains:
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