Adjustment disorder is a short-term condition that occurs when a person is unable to
cope with, or adjust to, a particular source of stress, such as a major life
change, loss, or event. Because people with adjustment disorders often
have symptoms of depression, it is sometimes called “situational depression.”
The type of stress that can trigger adjustment disorder varies depending on the
person, but can include:
- Ending of a relationship or marriage
- Losing or changing job
- Death of a loved one
- Developing a serious illness (yourself or a loved
one)
- Being a victim of a crime
- Having an accident
- Undergoing a major life change (such as getting
married, having a baby, or retiring from a job)
- Living through a disaster, such as a fire, flood,
or hurricane
Adjustment disorder can have a wide variety of symptoms, which may include:
- Feelings of hopelessness
- Sadness
- Frequent crying
- Anxiety
- Worry
- Headaches
- Stomach aches
- Heart palpitations
- Withdrawal or isolation from people and social
activities
- Absence from work or school
- Dangerous or destructive behavior, such as
fighting, reckless driving, and vandalism
- Changes in appetite, either loss of appetite, or
overeating
- Problems sleeping
- Feeling tired or without energy
- Increase in the use of alcohol or other drugs
Adjustment disorder can occur in anyone, and at any age.
In terms of treatment, counseling or psychotherapy
are the most common approaches. Therapy helps the person understand how the stressor has affected
his or her life. It also helps the person develop better coping skills. Support
groups can also be helpful by allowing the person to discuss his or her
concerns and feelings with people who are coping with the same stress. In some
cases, medication may be used to help control anxiety symptoms or sleeping
problems.
Most people with adjustment disorder recover
completely. In fact, a person who is treated for adjustment disorder may learn
new skills that actually allow him or her to function better than before the
symptoms began.
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