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Mood Disorders
Here are some mood disorders which are mostly to scary
and funny.
Exploring
Mood Disorders
There are two main types of mood disorder: major depressive disorder (also known
as unipolar or clinical depression), and bipolar
depression (formerly known as manic depression). The distinguishing feature
separating these disorders is the presence or absence of manic episodes. Specifically,
if the person has manic episodes they are diagnosed with bipolar depression.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) includes a number of
different categories:
1.
Atypical depression: This is characterized by extremes (such as
experiencing alternating episodes of excessive sleep with insomnia),
significant weight gain due to comfort eating, a feeling of heaviness in the
limbs, and social impairment. The person usually feels hypersensitive in social
situations as they expect to be rejected by others.
2.
Melancholic depression: This is the most frequently diagnosed
form of MDD. Here, sufferers lose all interest in relationships and the normal
activities of life. Hence, they withdraw from others and isolate themselves.
They may have trouble sleeping and they tend to waken early. Generally
speaking, a depressed mood and other negative symptoms (debilitating guilt
feelings, a pervasive sense of hopelessness, psychomotor retardation and so on)
are most pronounced in the morning.
3.
Psychotic depression: This is where a depressive episode is
accompanied by psychotic symptoms such as delusions. Occasionally, the person
may experience hallucinations.
4.
Catatonic depression: This is a rare and severe form of major
depression. During catatonic episodes, the individual is mute and immobile (in
a stupor) – although some may exhibit bizarre movements.
Note:
Catatonic symptoms can also occur in schizophrenia.
5.
Postpartum depression: This refers to the intense and disabling
depression that may follow giving birth. It is more disruptive and lasts for
longer than postpartum blues.
6.
Seasonal affective disorder: In SAD, depressive episodes are
triggered in the autumn or winter and end in the spring. Diagnosis is dependent
upon having at least two episodes in colder months - with none at other times
of the year - over a two-year period or longer. It is more common in young
people and women.
7.
Dysthymia: This is battling a chronic low mood daily for at least
two years. Symptoms are less severe than in other forms of depression.
8.
Recurrent brief depression: This is distinguished from major
depressive disorder by differences in duration. Depressive episodes occur once
a month, and last for less than 2 weeks. Episodes must span at least one year
and, for females, must be independent of their menstrual cycle.
9.
Minor depressive disorder: This is where the individual
experiences at least two characteristics symptoms of depression for two weeks.
Bipolar
disorder (formerly known as manic depression) refers to having
alternating periods of mania and depression. In some cases, the disorder is
cyclical; alternatively, the person may experience mixed states. Some
individuals may also experience psychotic symptoms. As with MDD, this disorder
includes several categories:
1.
Bipolar I: This is where the individual experiences a history of
one or more manic or mixed episodes. A depressive episode is not required for
this diagnosis (although it is often present too).
2.
Bipolar II: Here, the individual experiences recurrent intermittent
hypomanic and depressive episodes.
3.
Cyclothymia: This is similar to Bipolar II in that the
person experiences recurrent hypomanic and dysthymic episodes - but no full
manic or major depressive episodes.
Manic
symptoms include: increased energy, activity, and
restlessness; euphoric mood; highly distractible; concentration difficulties
and racing thoughts; jumps from one idea to another; talks very quickly; needs
little sleep; increased sexual drive; goes on spending sprees; demonstrates
poor judgment; unrealistic beliefs in one’s abilities and powers; extreme
irritability; provocative, intrusive, or aggressive behaviour; may abuse
substances; denies there is a problem.
Depressive
symptoms include: lasting sad, anxious, or empty mood;
feelings of hopelessness or pessimism; feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or
helplessness; cannot derive pleasure from life or relationships; decreased
energy; a feeling of fatigue; difficulty concentrating, remembering or making
decisions; restlessness or irritability; insomnia – or excessive sleeping;
change in appetite; unintended weight loss or gain; chronic pain which is
unrelated to illness or injury; thoughts of death /attempted suicide.
Genetics, biology, environmental factors and faulty
thinking all play a role in the development of mood disorders. Treatment is
usually a combination of drugs and counselling, especially CBT.
Image Source: http://www.sxc.hu/photo/1123363
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